1.1 Background of Study
Changes felt by other people in society. Changes in society are reasonable, considering that humans have unlimited needs. You will be able to see the changes after comparing the situation in some time ago to the present. Changes that can occur in various aspects of life, such as tools and equipment life, livelihood, social systems, languages, arts, knowledge systems, and religion / belief.
Social change is part of the culture change. Changes in culture include all parts, including the arts, science, technology, philosophy and more. However, such changes do not affect the social organization of society. The scope of a wider cultural change than social change. However, in practice these two types of changes to these changes is very difficult to separate (Soekanto, 1990).
Cultural changes start with and arising from social organizations. Opinion was restored to the understanding of society and culture. Society is a system of relations in terms of the relationship between the organization and not the relationship between cells. Culture includes all ways of thinking and behaving, which arise due to the nature of communicative interaction as conveying the ideas symbolically rather than inheritance for offspring (Davis, 1960). When taken according to the definition of culture in Soekanto Taylor (1990), culture is a complex which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law and any customs and habits of human ability as citizens, the cultural change dalah any changes that include such elements . Soemardjan (1982), argued that the change in the social and cultural changes that have the same aspect both concerned with a way of acceptance of new ways or an improvement in the way a community meet its needs.
Therefore, to enhance the resilience of the national culture, the National Development have dotted the decline of arts development efforts that could produce "value-added cultural". Grip-grip art (local and national) need to remain perpetuated, because it is rooted in the culture of the community. Through decomposition and reconstruction, rekoreografi, renovation, revitalization, recreation, along with various improvised ornaments, touches the values and new breath, and fostering appreciation will invite possessive attitude toward renewal and enrichment of artworks. This is where the beginning of a rich culture of art and the "socio-cultural capital" of society.
2.1 Theory
2.1.1 Definition of Culture
" Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e. historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, and on the other as conditioning elements of further action." -Kroeber, A.L., & Kluckhohn, C. (1952)
2.1.2 Definition of Society
A society, or a human society, is a group of people related to each other through persistent relations, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or virtual territory, subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Human societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent members. In the social sciences, a larger society often evinces stratification and/or dominance patterns in subgroups.
3.1 Problem of Discussion
Local culture of Indonesia is very diverse to be an honor and challenge to maintain and inherited to the next generation. Indonesia is very proud of the local culture as it has a very varied diversity and unique. As time, lead to changes in lifestyle communities are more modern. As a result, people prefer the new culture that might be considered more practical than the local culture.
Many factors cause the local culture forgettable days now, for example, the entry of foreign culture. The entry of foreign cultures into the country is actually a natural thing, as long as the culture is in accordance with the personality of the nation. But in fact an alien culture that began to dominate the local culture from oblivion.
Another factor that the problem is a lack of public awareness of the importance of the role of the local culture. The local culture is the identity of the nation. As a national identity, local culture should be maintained originality and ownership that can not be recognized by other countries. However, do not rule out the possibility of foreign cultures entered the country as long as it suits your personality because some states also require inputs from other countries that will influence developments in negranya.
The present is a lot of our cultures are fading away little by sedikit.Hal is very closely * with the inclusion of cultures into the culture kita.Sebagai example berpakaian.Dulunya culture in the way our culture is concerned with a polite dress code and tertutup.Akan but akaibat resulting influx of foreign culture culture berubah.Sekarang opening a dress that seemed to have a habit of nakedness that has become embedded in society kita.Sebagai another example of the types of food we eat is also beginning to be affected luar.Masyarakat culture is now more choose foods that come from the outside as KFC, steak, burgers, and other foods considered lain.Masyarakat are hygienic, modern, and praktis.Tanpa we realize these foods also have a daily menu in the life kita.Hal This has led to increasing scarcity of various types of food tradisional.Bila hai this continues to happen then it is inevitable that one day our children will not know the types of traditional foods from the area of origin.
The main task that must be addressed is how to maintain, preserve, maintain, and inherits the local culture as well as possible in order to strengthen the culture of the nation that will megharumkan name of Indonesia. And also that the original culture of our country oleg state unclaimed lain.Berikut some things that we can refer to in order to preserve the culture.
1. Strength
- Indonesia has make local cultural diversity as an asset which is not to be equated with the local culture of other countries. Locally owned Indonesian culture vary in each region. Each region has distinctive cultural characteristics, such as the custom house, custom clothing, dance, musical instruments, or the customs adopted. All that can be used to strengthen the resilience of the power culture in the eyes of International.
- Local cultural specificities of every region in Indonesia tersediri possess power. For example, custom homes, custom clothing, dance, musical instruments, or the customs adopted. The specificity of the local culture is often interesting view of other countries. Proven number of foreign tourists who are trying to learn Indonesian culture such as learning to dance the typical suat area or looking for craft items to be used as a souvenir. This proves that the culture of Indonesia has a unique hallmark.
- Local cultural unity that Indonesia is a nation's cultural identity representing the country of Indonesia. To that end, local culture should be maintained and properly inherited that culture remains strong.
2. Weakness
- Public awareness to preserve local culture today is still fairly minimal. People prefer foreign culture is more practical and in accordance with the times. This does not mean the local culture does not fit with the times, but many foreign cultures that do not fit with the personality of the nation. The local culture can also be adjusted with the times, as long as it is still not left the hallmark of the culture.
- The ability to communicate is essential in order to avoid misunderstandings about the culture one adopted. The lack of cultural communication often led to disputes between tribes that will impact the nation's cultural resistance decrease.
- Learning about the culture, should be inculcated early. But now many have not considered essential to learn the local culture. Yet through cultural learning, we can know the importance of local culture in building a national culture and how local cultures adapting amid the times.
3. Chance
- If the local culture can be maintained with a good, Indonesia will be in view as a country can maintain its identity in the eyes of Internasioanal.
- The business community in order to preserve the local culture can strengthen national culture, can also strengthen unity. Because of the mutual respect between the local culture so as to unite into a strong national culture.
- Indonesia local culture often attract the attention of foreign tourists. It can be used as a tourist attraction that will generate income for the country. However, it should also be wary because of the piracy culture that may occur.
- In the article, Dean of the Faculty of Humanities, University of Lancang Yellow, Riau, Dr SS MHum Junaidi, said that multiculturalism gave the opportunity for the rise of ethnic and local kudaya Indonesia. The two pillars that support this understanding is a cultural education and intercultural communication.
4. Challenge
- Changes in the natural and physical environment is a challenge for a country to maintain its local culture. Because concomitant changes in the natural and physical environment, and lifestyle patterns piker IKT masyakrkat also changed
- Although viewed by many many benefits of technological progress turns out to be one factor that led to the abandonment of the local culture. For example, SASI system (the original system in managing marine resources / inland) region of Maluku and Irian Jaya. Regulated procedures for SASI system sertamusim iakn arrest in the cultures, but this started not forgotten by society.
- The entry of foreign cultures is a challenge that the local culture is maintained. In this case, the role of the local culture is needed as a counterweight in the middle of the times.
4.1 Result of Problem
Cultural changes that occur in traditional societies, a change from a closed society to a more open society, from the values that are homogeneous toward pluralism of values and social norms are salh the impact of globalization. Science and technology has changed the world fundamentally. International communication and transportation have eliminated the cultural boundaries of each nation. Culture of each nation tends to lead to globalization and a world that involves human civilization as a whole. For example, specialized in the field of mass entertainment or entertainment that is mass, meaning that globalization has become more pronounced. Right now we can listen to each day film show on tv that leads from developed countries like the United States, Japan, Korea, etc. through the television stations in the country. Not to mention an international TV broadcast can be received via a satellite dish that is now increasingly owned by the people of Indonesia. Meanwhile, another popular art-art presented via tape, vcd and dvd coming from foreign countries, even more widespread presence in our midst. Such facts provide evidence of how countries have succeeded rulers latest technology in control of the globalization of culture, especially in the country to three. Transcultural event like that will inevitably affect the existence of our art. Whereas our traditional arts are part of the repertoire of national culture that needs to be preserved.
At the other with increasingly sophisticated information technology such as this, we were treated to lots of alternative entertainment and offer a wider range of information, which might be more attractive when compared to our traditional arts. With the parabola can see a variety of entertainment shows worldwide nature from different parts of the world. Such conditions inevitably makes the elimination of traditional Indonesian art of Indonesian society that are full of meaning in Indonesian society. For example, forms of artistic expression of ethnic Indonesia, both the people and the palace, always closely associated with the agricultural community ritual behavior. With the advent of social change that comes as a result of industrialization and the market economy, and the globalization of information, then our art began to shift in the direction of commercial art dimension. Art-art ritual started out and lose its function. Even so, not all traditional art just disappear. There are a variety of art that still show their existence, even growing creatively without having oppressed the modernization process. The rapid pace of information technology or communication technology has become a powerful means of cultural diffusion, as well as alternative options are more diverse entertainment for the public. As a result, people are not interested anymore enjoy various traditional performing arts were previously familiar with their lives. For example, traditional art puppets Bharata, contained in Building Bharata Wayang The Jakarta now looked deserted as if there were no visitors. This is unfortunate considering the puppet is one of Indonesia's traditional art forms and rich full of moral messages, and one agent cultivation of moral values is good, in my opinion. Another example is that Ludruk art until the 1980's continue to thrive in East Java today is experiencing a "suspended animation". Puppet people and ludruk is a small sample of the traditional arts ranging terdepaknya globalization. It may be that such phenomena are not only experienced by traditional Javanese arts, but also in a variety of traditional artistic expression in various places in Indonesia. Yet that does not mean all traditional art just die with the spread of globalization.
On the other hand, there are several art performances still exist but have changed functions. There are also art that is able to adapt and transform themselves with communication technologies that have been integrated with people's lives, such as traditional art "Ketoprak" to the screen made popular by the group Srimulat. Above facts indicate ketoprak art actually has its own fans, especially ketoprak presented in the form of broadcast television, not ketoprak stage. In terms of staging or presentation form, ketoprak including traditional art that has been proven to be able to adapt to changing times. In addition there ketoprak other arts to survive and be able to adapt to the latest technology that is shadow puppets. Some famous leather puppeteer as Ki and Ki Anom Manteb Sudarsono Suroto remain interested in the community, either tape the play, and the show directly. Courage Indosiar that since a few years ago shadow puppet show every night of the week will suffice as proof of the amount of public interest against one of the treasures of our national culture. Even the National Museum was still maintaining the existence of traditional arts such as wayang kulit leather puppet to hold every few months and gamelan music every single week or once a month, held in the hall Kertarajasa, National Museum.
5.1 Conclussion
I conclude that dynamic changes and globalization which leads to high current society that we as a nation Indonesia has many diverse cultures and lack of awareness of the importance of the role of local culture in strengthening the resilience of our nation and culture. Local Culture When in fact we have can make us more valuable than any other nation because of how precious values - values of local cultures that exist in this country. For that we should be more responsive and caring again for all the culture in Indonesia this. In addition, we must understand the meaning of culture and cultural diversity made in Indonesia as a source of strength for resistance bangsa.Agar culture culture is maintained and not taken up by other nations. Because of the wealth of the nation of Indonesia's precious nor owned by foreign nations. Therefore, as the younger generation, which is the heir to the nation's culture, art should preserve our culture for the future of our children and grandchildren.
Zaenal Abidin
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